雅思考試：雅思作文復(fù)合句解析
英語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句一般分為三大類(lèi)型：形容詞性從句、名詞性從句和副詞性從句。
(一)形容詞性從句
具有形容詞功能，在復(fù)合句中做定語(yǔ)的從句被稱(chēng)之為形容詞性從句或定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞被稱(chēng)為先行詞。形容詞性從句分為兩種類(lèi)型：
(1)由關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, that, which, as引導(dǎo)的從句。例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical. (強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)克隆人的人們認(rèn)為這樣做不道德和不合倫理)
(2)由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導(dǎo)的從句。例如: I would like to analyze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling.(我將分析為什么越來(lái)越多的青少年沉迷于賭博的原因。)
(二)名詞性從句
在整個(gè)復(fù)合句中起名詞作用，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)等的各種從句，統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。名詞性從句主要有以下幾種：
1. that引導(dǎo)的從句e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car. (據(jù)報(bào)道，三分之一的廣州市民打算購(gòu)買(mǎi)私家車(chē)。)
2. whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has become an issue of controversy.(廣州是否禁摩托車(chē)成了有爭(zhēng)議的話(huà)題。)
3. how/why/when/where引導(dǎo)的從句e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia. (本文將探討為什么這么多白領(lǐng)失眠的原因。)
4. who/whom/whose/what/which引導(dǎo)的從句e.g. Who should be responsible for the environmental degradation is still unknown.(誰(shuí)對(duì)環(huán)境惡化負(fù)責(zé)還不清楚。)
(三)副詞性從句
副詞性從句也稱(chēng)為狀語(yǔ)從句，主要用來(lái)修飾主句或者主句的謂語(yǔ)。大致分為九大類(lèi)，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. When everyone is fully aware of the severity of fresh water scarcity and takes effective measures, I am convinced that we will tackle this problem constructively.(當(dāng)每個(gè)人充分意識(shí)到淡水短缺的嚴(yán)重性，并采取有效措施，我相信我們一定能妥善解決好這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. Where there is smoke, there is fire.(無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪)(3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. Pets should be forbidden because they may spread diseases and damage the cityscape.(應(yīng)該禁止飼養(yǎng)寵物，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)傳播疾病和有損市容。)
(4)目的狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. Old people should be encouraged to live in a nursing house so that they can enjoy professional care and first-rate facilities. (應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)老人到敬老院居住，這樣他們可以享受到專(zhuān)業(yè)的照料和一流的設(shè)施。)
(5)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. Some government officials fail to recognize the potential hazards of improper waste disposal, so that the environment in some cities is deteriorating.(一些政府官員未能認(rèn)識(shí)到垃圾處理不當(dāng)帶來(lái)的潛在危害，因此一些城市的環(huán)境不斷惡化。)
(6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. If we continue to overlook the increasing waste in Guangzhou, it is likely that Guangzhou will become a huge landfill site sooner or later.(如果我們繼續(xù)無(wú)視廣州日益增多的垃圾，有可能不久的將來(lái)廣州將成為巨大的垃圾填埋場(chǎng)。)
(7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. While I admit that smoking has some side-effects, I still feel that it is ridiculous to ban smoking in public places.(雖然我承認(rèn)吸煙有副作用，我依然覺(jué)得公共場(chǎng)所禁煙是荒唐的。)
(8)比較狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. Red is two times as much as Blue.(紅色是藍(lán)色的兩倍。)
(9)方式狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. Just as we protect less able human beings, so we should safeguard the welfare of other weaker species.(正如我們保護(hù)弱者一樣，我們也應(yīng)該保護(hù)弱勢(shì)物種的福利。)
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