眾所周知，圖表作文是考研英語(yǔ)二寫(xiě)作PART B部分的�？碱}型。其寫(xiě)作要求通常包括圖表描述與圖表評(píng)論兩部分。在這兩項(xiàng)任務(wù)中，圖表描述更是成為廣大考生的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。鑒于此，都教授整理出了描述圖表的高頻術(shù)語(yǔ)，為2016考研學(xué)子們送來(lái)一些福利。
1. 圖表及圖表類(lèi)型
1) 圖表： chart, graph, diagram;
2) 各類(lèi)圖表：
表格：table;
柱形圖：bar chart 或column chart;
餅形圖：pie chart;
線形圖：line chart 或curve chart;
2. 表達(dá)圖表中數(shù)據(jù)動(dòng)態(tài)變化的名詞或動(dòng)詞
1) "數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)"相關(guān)
(1) the number of sth.
(2) data, statistics, figures
(3) hundred, thousand, million, billion
(4) around, over, appropriately
2) 表達(dá)"上升"
(1)常見(jiàn)詞匯
increase → (名詞形式increase )
rise (不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞rise→rose→risen) → (名詞形式rise)
grow (不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞grow→grew→grown) → (名詞形式growth)
go up
注意以下短語(yǔ)數(shù)量上的區(qū)別：
increase by +數(shù)字 上升到...
increase to +數(shù)字 上升了...
reach to +數(shù)字 達(dá)到...
(2) 其他詞匯
climb : rise, usually slowly 爬升
leap : move or act quickly or suddenly 跳躍，劇增
rocket : increase very rapidly 迅速增加
(3) 地道表達(dá)
double, triple
3) 表達(dá)"下降"
(1) 常見(jiàn)詞匯
decrease (名詞形式decrease )
drop (名詞形式drop)
fall (不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞fall→fell→fallen) → (名詞形式fall)
decline (名詞形式decline )
go down
(2) 其他詞匯
plunge: fall steeply 跳水，猛跌
plummet: drop sharply 垂直落下
sink: to fall, drop, or descend gradually to a lower level 下沉，沉沒(méi)
dip: decline slightly and usually temporarily 下沉
4) 表達(dá)"波動(dòng)"
fluctuate (名詞形式fluctuation )
go up and down
rise and fall
5) 表達(dá)"保持平穩(wěn)"
remain stable (或 remain constant)
level off = move toward stability or consistency (趨向平穩(wěn))
3.描述數(shù)據(jù)變化方向和幅度的形容詞(配合名詞)、副詞(配合動(dòng)詞)
1) 變化快、劇烈、明顯
dramatic, drastic, sharp, steep, quick, rapid, sudden, significant, considerable
2) 變化慢、微弱、不明顯
slight, moderate, modest, slow, marginal, gradually, steady
4.常用短語(yǔ)："動(dòng)詞配副詞"和"形容詞配名詞"
1) v. + adv.
decline slowly
grow dramatically
fluctuate sharply
2) adj. + n.
a slow decline
a dramatic growth
a sharp fluctuation
a slight increase
a significant increase
3) on a +adj.+ n
例如：如上述柱形圖所示，過(guò)去二十年間中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)人口已經(jīng)顯著上升。該句至少有以下兩種表達(dá)：
1)As is revealed in the above bar chart, the urban population in China has grow dramatically in the past two decades.
2)As is revealed in the above bar chart, the urban population in China has been on a dramatic growth in the past two decades.
對(duì)于備考圖表作文的考生來(lái)講， 掌握以上圖表術(shù)語(yǔ)及相關(guān)表達(dá)可以快速幫助大家提升描述圖表作文的專(zhuān)業(yè)性、規(guī)范性與豐富性，從而讓自己的作文變身"高富帥"，在考試中取得更理想的成績(jī)!